Measuring cylinders, also called graduated cylinders, are crucial laboratory equipment used to measure liquid volumes precisely. They are typically made of glass or plastic and come in various sizes–from small cylinders with capacities of a few millilitres to larger ones that can hold several litres. A measuring cylinder features a narrow spout at the top and a graduated marking along the side for precise volume measurements. These cylinders also have square, round, or octagon-shaped bases, facilitating their upright standing. The graduated scale with markings (often in mL) allows precise measurements, typically starting from the cylinder’s bottom to the top.
Popular Types of Measuring Cylinders
A measuring cylinder comes in various types based on material, accuracy, and design, including:
Material-Based Types of Measuring Cylinders
- Glass Measuring Cylinders – These are the most common type, made of glass, and suitable for most liquids, including corrosive chemicals.
- Plastic Measuring Cylinders – These graduated cylinders are made of polypropylene or polyethylene and are lighter than glass-type cylinders. They are less fragile than glass and are unsuitable for certain solvents or hot liquids.
Accuracy-Based Types of Measuring Cylinders
- Class A Cylinders – These offer the highest accuracy and are used for analytical purposes. They usually come with a calibration certificate.
- Class B Cylinders – These are less accurate and are typically used for general laboratory work.
Design-Based Types of Measuring Cylinders
- Single-Scale Cylinders – These graduated cylinders feature graduations marked for reading from the bottom of the meniscus.
- Double-Scale Cylinders – These cylinders feature two sets of graduations for reading the volume from the top or bottom of the meniscus.
- Bulb Cylinders – These have a bulb-like expansion in the middle to accommodate more volume in a shorter cylinder.
Specialty Measuring Cylinders
- Volumetric Cylinders – Designed for precise volume measurements, these are often calibrated to contain a specific volume at a certain temperature.
- Burettes – These are specialised for titration and have a stopcock at the bottom to precisely control the liquid flow.
- Safety-Coated Cylinders – These are glass cylinders coated with a safety film to contain the glass and liquid in case of breakage.
Typical Applications of Measuring Cylinders
Measuring cylinders are extensively used in education, research, chemistry, biology, and other scientific disciplines to prepare solutions, conduct experiments, and perform various laboratory tasks that require precise volume measurements. They are also standard tools in household applications and industries like pharmaceuticals, chemistry, and food science.
