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In the most basic radio antenna applications, Balun is known as an RF choke, or more specifically known as Common Mode Current Choke. It is a two-part component that is placed between the source and a load when a differential and balanced Radio frequency operating block must be connected to form connections with a single-ended, ground-referenced one.
You can say the primary concept of the balun is based on a transformer, where the main function it has to perform is to isolate the direct connection that has been formed between the antenna or feeder and the unbalanced coaxial feeder. It typically restricts the common mode current to flow freely on the feedline. This is only achieved when the antenna is in a higher position and in the clear of surrounding items.
There are two main types of Baluns known as Voltage Balun and current baluns.
Voltage Baluns are the type of baluns that create a balanced voltage at their output
Current baluns are the ones that create a balanced current. Current baluns are also the one that is most commonly used and they consist of a transmission line wound in the form of a choke.